After
the Door has been Opened |
Mental Health Issues Affecting Immigrants and Refugees in Canada
Report of the Canadian Task Force on Mental Health Issues Affecting
Immigrants and Refugees
1988
Background - Executive Summary - Chapter 1 - Chapter 2-6 - Chapter 7-9 - Chapter 10-11 - Chapter 12 Conclusion
& Appendices
Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data
Canadian Task Force on Mental Health Issues Affecting Immigrants and Refugees.
After the door has been opened: mental health issues affecting immigrants and refugees
in Canada: report of the Canadian Task Force on Mental Health Issues Affecting Immigrants
and Refugees.
Also published in French under the title: Puis... la porte s'est ouverte.
Co-published by Health and Welfare Canada.
Bibliography: p.
ISBN: 0-662-16394-X
1. Immigrants - Mental health - Canada. 2. Immigrants Mental health services - Canada.
3. Refugees - Mental health - Canada. 4. Refugees -Mental health services Canada. 5.
Mental health policy - Canada. 1. Canada. Multiculturalism. IL Canada. Health and Welfare
Canada. III. Title. IV. Title: Mental health issues affecting immigrants and refugees in
Canada.
RC451.4.E45C36 1988 362-84 C88-099413-4
Copyright: Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1988
Cat. No. Ci96-38/1988E
ISBN-0-662-16394-X
Contents
Letter of Transmittal
Task Force Members
Executive Summary
Part 1: Introduction
Part II Prevention
Chapter 1. Attitudes of Canadian Society
Chapter 2. Settlement and Social Support
Chapter 3. Official Language Education
Chapter 4. Employment
Part III. Remedial Measures
Chapter 5. Formal Mental Health Care
Chapter 6. Mental Health Care Outside the Formal Network
Chapter 7. Training for Service Providers
Chapter 8. Ethnic Practitioners
Part IV: Special Needs
Chapter 9. Children and Youth
Chapter 10. Women
Chapter 11. Seniors
Chapter 12. Victims of Catastrophic Stress
Part V: Conclusions and Recommendations
Appendices:
Appendix one Glossary of Terms
Appendix two Written Submissions
Appendix three Oral Presentations
Appendix four Additional Consultations
Appendix five Works Cited
Figures and Tables
Unless otherwise indicated, all figures are based on statistics provided by
Employment and Immigration Canada. The Task Force wishes to acknowledge the helpful and
generous assistance of this ministry.
- Figure 0.1 Distribution of Immigrants by Immigration Class: Canada 1978-1987
- Figure 0.2 Percentage of Canadian-Born and Foreign-Born in Total Population by Census
Period: Canada 1861-1981
- Figure 0.3 Regions of Origin by Year of Landing: Canada 1956-1986
- Figure 2.1 Distribution of Immigrants 20 Years and Older by Marital Status: Canada
1978-1987
- Table 2.1 Financial Support to Immigrant Services by Top Five Immigrant-Receiving
Provinces: Canada 1986
- Figure 3.1 Percentage of Male and Female Immigrants in Each Immigration Class Who Speak
Neither Official Language: Canada 1978-1987
- Figure 4.1 Years Education of Immigrants 25 Years and Older by Year of Landing: Canada
1978-1987
- Figure 8.1 Distribution of Total Immigrants and Distribution of Immigrants in Selected
Helping Professions by Region of Origin: Canada 1978-1987
- Figure 9.1 Immigrants 0-19 Years of Age by Year of Landing: Canada 1978-1987
- Figure 9.2 Distribution of Immigrants 0-19 Years of Age by Age Group and Class: Canada
1978-1987
- Figure 10.1 Distribution of Classified Immigrants by Intended Occupation (Major Groups)
and Sex: Canada 1978-1987
- Figure 10.2 Percentage of Male and Female Immigrants in Adult Age Groups Who Speak
Neither Official Language: Canada 1978-1987
- Figure 11.1 Average Years Education of Male and Female Immigrants in Adult Age Groups:
Canada 1978-1987
- Figure 11.2 Percentage of Male and Female Immigrants in Adult Age Groups Who Are
Unmarried: Canada 1978-1987
- Table 12.1 Relative Utilization of Community Mental Health Services by Selected
Ethno-Cultural Groups: Vancouver 1987
CANADIAN TASK FORCE ON MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AFFECTING IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES
The University of British Columbia
2255 Wesbrook Mall
Vancouver, B.C.
V6T 2A1
(604) 228-7340
May 1, 1988
The Honourable Gerry Weiner
Minister of State for Multiculturalism
House of Commons
Ottawa, Ontario |
The Honourable Jake Epp
Minister of Health and Welfare
House of Commons
Ottawa, Ontario |
Dear Ministers:
We are pleased to submit the report of the Task Force on Mental Health Issues Affecting
Immigrants and Refugees.
As required by our terms of reference, we have examined and assessed the world research
literature on this topic as well as unpublished reports by groups working in Canada; have
received submissions, both oral and written, from service agencies, ethnic organizations
and training institutions across Canada; and have made recommendations which will help to
provide comprehensive, effective and sensitive approaches to meeting the needs of
newcomers.
The Task Force acknowledges its gratitude to Dr. Merry Wood, Research Coordinator, for
her invaluable assistance, and to Ms. Susan Johnston, Ms. Jeannine Hurd, the University of
British Columbia Department of Psychiatry, and the Canadian Mental Health Association for
providing support without which the project could not have been carried out. Perhaps most
of all, we are grateful to the hundreds of individuals, agencies and organizations who
shared their information and experience with us.
Canada continues to receive immigrants and refugees in order to meet national goals and
because we are a humanitarian society. As a caring society, we must recognize that our
responsibilities do not end when we open our doors to newcomers. The attached report
describes how we can ensure the mental health of newcomers and thus enable them to become
healthy, contributing members of Canadian society.
Sincerely,
Morton Beiser, D.
Chairperson
MB:spj
Sponsored by: Secretary of State-Multiculturalism and Health and Welfare Canada
in association with the Canadian Mental Health Association
Task Force Committee
Chair: Morton Beiser, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry
University of British Columbia
2255 Wesbrook Mall
Vancouver, British Columbia
V6T 2A1
Research Coordinator: Merry Wood, Ph.D.
Research Coordinator
University of British Columbia
2255 Wesbrook Mall
Vancouver, British Columbia
V6T 2A1
Members:
Carmelina Barwick, B.Sc.N.
Senior Mental Health Consultant
Social and Community
Psychiatry Section
Clarke Institute of Psychiatry
250 College Street
Toronto, Ontario
M5T 1R8
John Berry, Ph.D.
Psychology Department
Queen's University
Humphrey Hall
Kingston, Ontario
K7L 3N6
Granville daCosta M.D.
Child and Family Studies Centre
Clarke Institute of Psychiatry
250 College Street
Toronto Ontario
M5T 1R8
Winifred Milne, M.S.W.
Director Department of Social Work
Nova Scotia Hospital
P.O. Drawer 1004
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
B2Y 3Z9
Anna Maria Fantino, M.Ed.
Immigration and Settlement Services
Catholic Social Services
2nd Floor
10420, 107th Avenue
Edmonton, Alberta
T5H OW1
Soma Ganesan, M.D.
Department of Psychiatry
University of British Columbia
2255 Wesbrook Mall
Vancouver, British Columbia
V6T 2A1
Christina Lee, Ed.D.
Ontario Women's Directorate
2nd Floor
480 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario
M5G 1V2
Michel Tousignant, Ph.D.
Directeur
Laboratoire de recherche
en ecologies humaine et sociale
Universite du Quebec a Montreal
Montreal, Quebec
H3C 3P8
Josephine Naidoo, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Wilfrid Laurier University
75 University Avenue West
Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3C5
Raymond Prince, M.D.
Department of Psychiatry
McGill University
1033, Pine Avenue West
Montreal, Quebec
H3A 1A1
Ernesto Vela, M.Sc.
Health Services Centre
Section of Behavioural Sciences
Department of Psychiatry
University of Manitoba
770 Bannatyne Avenue
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R3E OW3
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