After the Door has been Opened

Mental Health Issues Affecting Immigrants and Refugees in Canada

Report of the Canadian Task Force on Mental Health Issues Affecting Immigrants and Refugees
1988


Background - Executive Summary - Chapter 1 - Chapter 2-6 - Chapter 7-9 - Chapter 10-11 - Chapter 12 Conclusion & Appendices


Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data

Canadian Task Force on Mental Health Issues Affecting Immigrants and Refugees.

After the door has been opened: mental health issues affecting immigrants and refugees in Canada: report of the Canadian Task Force on Mental Health Issues Affecting Immigrants and Refugees.

Also published in French under the title: Puis... la porte s'est ouverte.

Co-published by Health and Welfare Canada.

Bibliography: p.

ISBN: 0-662-16394-X

1. Immigrants - Mental health - Canada. 2. Immigrants Mental health services - Canada. 3. Refugees - Mental health - Canada. 4. Refugees -Mental health services Canada. 5. Mental health policy - Canada. 1. Canada. Multiculturalism. IL Canada. Health and Welfare Canada. III. Title. IV. Title: Mental health issues affecting immigrants and refugees in Canada.

RC451.4.E45C36 1988 362-84 C88-099413-4

Copyright: Minister of Supply and Services Canada 1988
Cat. No. Ci96-38/1988E
ISBN-0-662-16394-X


Contents

Letter of Transmittal

Task Force Members

Executive Summary

Part 1: Introduction

Part II Prevention

Chapter 1. Attitudes of Canadian Society

Chapter 2. Settlement and Social Support

Chapter 3. Official Language Education

Chapter 4. Employment

Part III. Remedial Measures

Chapter 5. Formal Mental Health Care

Chapter 6. Mental Health Care Outside the Formal Network

Chapter 7. Training for Service Providers

Chapter 8. Ethnic Practitioners

Part IV: Special Needs

Chapter 9. Children and Youth

Chapter 10. Women

Chapter 11. Seniors

Chapter 12. Victims of Catastrophic Stress

Part V: Conclusions and Recommendations

Appendices:

Appendix one Glossary of Terms

Appendix two Written Submissions

Appendix three Oral Presentations

Appendix four Additional Consultations

Appendix five Works Cited


Figures and Tables

Unless otherwise indicated, all figures are based on statistics provided by Employment and Immigration Canada. The Task Force wishes to acknowledge the helpful and generous assistance of this ministry.

  • Figure 0.1 Distribution of Immigrants by Immigration Class: Canada 1978-1987
  • Figure 0.2 Percentage of Canadian-Born and Foreign-Born in Total Population by Census Period: Canada 1861-1981
  • Figure 0.3 Regions of Origin by Year of Landing: Canada 1956-1986
  • Figure 2.1 Distribution of Immigrants 20 Years and Older by Marital Status: Canada 1978-1987
  • Table 2.1 Financial Support to Immigrant Services by Top Five Immigrant-Receiving Provinces: Canada 1986
  • Figure 3.1 Percentage of Male and Female Immigrants in Each Immigration Class Who Speak Neither Official Language: Canada 1978-1987
  • Figure 4.1 Years Education of Immigrants 25 Years and Older by Year of Landing: Canada 1978-1987
  • Figure 8.1 Distribution of Total Immigrants and Distribution of Immigrants in Selected Helping Professions by Region of Origin: Canada 1978-1987
  • Figure 9.1 Immigrants 0-19 Years of Age by Year of Landing: Canada 1978-1987
  • Figure 9.2 Distribution of Immigrants 0-19 Years of Age by Age Group and Class: Canada 1978-1987
  • Figure 10.1 Distribution of Classified Immigrants by Intended Occupation (Major Groups) and Sex: Canada 1978-1987
  • Figure 10.2 Percentage of Male and Female Immigrants in Adult Age Groups Who Speak Neither Official Language: Canada 1978-1987
  • Figure 11.1 Average Years Education of Male and Female Immigrants in Adult Age Groups: Canada 1978-1987
  • Figure 11.2 Percentage of Male and Female Immigrants in Adult Age Groups Who Are Unmarried: Canada 1978-1987
  • Table 12.1 Relative Utilization of Community Mental Health Services by Selected Ethno-Cultural Groups: Vancouver 1987

CANADIAN TASK FORCE ON MENTAL HEALTH ISSUES AFFECTING IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEES

The University of British Columbia
2255 Wesbrook Mall
Vancouver, B.C.
V6T 2A1
(604) 228-7340

May 1, 1988

The Honourable Gerry Weiner
Minister of State for Multiculturalism
House of Commons
Ottawa, Ontario
The Honourable Jake Epp
Minister of Health and Welfare
House of Commons
Ottawa, Ontario

Dear Ministers:

We are pleased to submit the report of the Task Force on Mental Health Issues Affecting Immigrants and Refugees.

As required by our terms of reference, we have examined and assessed the world research literature on this topic as well as unpublished reports by groups working in Canada; have received submissions, both oral and written, from service agencies, ethnic organizations and training institutions across Canada; and have made recommendations which will help to provide comprehensive, effective and sensitive approaches to meeting the needs of newcomers.

The Task Force acknowledges its gratitude to Dr. Merry Wood, Research Coordinator, for her invaluable assistance, and to Ms. Susan Johnston, Ms. Jeannine Hurd, the University of British Columbia Department of Psychiatry, and the Canadian Mental Health Association for providing support without which the project could not have been carried out. Perhaps most of all, we are grateful to the hundreds of individuals, agencies and organizations who shared their information and experience with us.

Canada continues to receive immigrants and refugees in order to meet national goals and because we are a humanitarian society. As a caring society, we must recognize that our responsibilities do not end when we open our doors to newcomers. The attached report describes how we can ensure the mental health of newcomers and thus enable them to become healthy, contributing members of Canadian society.

Sincerely,

 

Morton Beiser, D.
Chairperson

MB:spj

Sponsored by: Secretary of State-Multiculturalism and Health and Welfare Canada
in association with the Canadian Mental Health Association

 

Task Force Committee

Chair: Morton Beiser, M.D.
Professor of Psychiatry
University of British Columbia
2255 Wesbrook Mall
Vancouver, British Columbia
V6T 2A1

Research Coordinator: Merry Wood, Ph.D.
Research Coordinator
University of British Columbia
2255 Wesbrook Mall
Vancouver, British Columbia
V6T 2A1

Members:
Carmelina Barwick, B.Sc.N.
Senior Mental Health Consultant
Social and Community
Psychiatry Section
Clarke Institute of Psychiatry
250 College Street
Toronto, Ontario
M5T 1R8

John Berry, Ph.D.
Psychology Department
Queen's University
Humphrey Hall
Kingston, Ontario
K7L 3N6

Granville daCosta M.D.
Child and Family Studies Centre
Clarke Institute of Psychiatry
250 College Street
Toronto Ontario
M5T 1R8

Winifred Milne, M.S.W.
Director Department of Social Work
Nova Scotia Hospital
P.O. Drawer 1004
Dartmouth, Nova Scotia
B2Y 3Z9

Anna Maria Fantino, M.Ed.
Immigration and Settlement Services
Catholic Social Services
2nd Floor
10420, 107th Avenue
Edmonton, Alberta
T5H OW1

Soma Ganesan, M.D.
Department of Psychiatry
University of British Columbia
2255 Wesbrook Mall
Vancouver, British Columbia
V6T 2A1

Christina Lee, Ed.D.
Ontario Women's Directorate
2nd Floor
480 University Avenue
Toronto, Ontario
M5G 1V2

Michel Tousignant, Ph.D.
Directeur
Laboratoire de recherche
en ecologies humaine et sociale
Universite du Quebec a Montreal
Montreal, Quebec
H3C 3P8

Josephine Naidoo, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Wilfrid Laurier University
75 University Avenue West
Waterloo, Ontario
N2L 3C5

Raymond Prince, M.D.
Department of Psychiatry
McGill University
1033, Pine Avenue West
Montreal, Quebec
H3A 1A1

Ernesto Vela, M.Sc.
Health Services Centre
Section of Behavioural Sciences
Department of Psychiatry
University of Manitoba
770 Bannatyne Avenue
Winnipeg, Manitoba
R3E OW3

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Background - Executive Summary - Chapter 1 - Chapter 2-6 - Chapter 7-9 - Chapter 10-11 - Chapter 12 Conclusion & Appendices


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